Restrospection of the Federal Systems: Pre-Modern Era Approaches

The federal system is a form of government where two sovereign governmental orders share powers with a strict constitution. Nowadays, the federal system is recognized as a solution for the coexistence of communities between which there are certain differences in cultural, social, racial, linguistic, and religious spheres. The first examples of a federal system naturally overlap with the first appearance of the constitutions, which are the constituent elements of the federal system. Because of this, the origin of modern theories related to the federal system is based on this overlap. However, the first debates on this subject that contained valuable insights and experiences appeared before modern federal systems and constitutions. Therefore, pre-modern discussions should also be taken into account in a retrospective way in order to fully understand the federal system of the modern era.