Current trends in nanobiosensing towards lab-on-a-chip devices for ultrasensitive analyte detection

The development of nanobiosensors has been at the forefront of research considering their importance for the future of health and maintenance of wellbeing. In particularly they harness the exquisite sensitivity and specificity of biology in conjunction with physicochemical transducers to deliver complex bioanalytical measurements with simple, easy-to-use formats. This paper introduces the basic concept of a nanobiosensor providing an overview of the different types available and their basic working principles including numerous applications. The investigation of nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles and quantum dots are discussed within the frame of improving their sensitivity and performance. Nanobiosensors have the potential to lead to highly specific and accurate lab-on-a-chip devices for the rapid screening of a wide variety of analytes at a low cost, making health care available at a low cost across the globe.