Essential Trace Elements and Antioxidant Status in Relation to Severity of HIV in Nigerian Patients

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the plasma levels of some antioxidants and trace elements in three severity groups of HIV patients compared with non-HIV-infected controls. Methods: The plasma levels of antioxidants (total antioxidant, albumin, bilirubin and uric acid) and trace elements (Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd and Se) were estimated spectrophotometrically in controls and patients with CD4 counts of 200; 200–499 and ≥500 cells/μl. Results: Uric acid and Zn were significantly higher, while vitamin E and all the trace elements (except Zn) were significantly lower in HIV-infected patients compared to healthy controls. The highest level of uric acid was observed in those with CD4 counts of 200 cells/μl. All the trace elements (except Zn) were higher in HIV subjects with a CD4 count of 200–499 cells/μl compared to 500 cells/μl. Only uric acid and Zn showed significant correlation with CD4 count. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we recommend routine assessment and appropriate supplementation of antioxidants/trace elements in HIV subjects. This supplementation is hoped to strengthen the immune system and reduce the adverse consequences of HIV- related oxidative stress.