An Overview of Heterologous Expression Host Systems for the Production of Recombinant Proteins

With the advent of recombinant DNA technology, cloning and expression of numerous mammalian genes in different systems have been explored to produce many therapeutics and vaccines for human and animals in the form of recombinant proteins. But selection of the suitable expression system depends on productivity, bioactivity, purpose and physicochemical characteristics of the protein of interest. However, large scale production of recombinant proteins is still an art in spite of increased qualitative and quantitative demand for these proteins. Researchers are constantly challenged to improve and optimise the existing expression systems, and also to develop novel approaches to face the demands of producing the complex proteins. Here, we concisely review the most frequently used conventional and alternative host systems, with their unique features, along with advantages and disadvantages and their potential applications for the production of recombinant products.