Evaluation of the Modulatory Effects of Copper Salts on the Process of Angiogenesis (Neovascularization) with Therapeutic Perspectives

Angiogenesis is a vital physiological process of formation and development of new blood vessels (neovascularization) from pre-existing ones, essential for embryonic development and growth especially in the growing stages. Copper (Cu) is known to promote angiogenic factors like VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), FGF (Fibroblast growth factor), angiopoitin and others, and as per previous reports, depending upon the material, Cu sometimes inhibit angiogenesis. We investigated the effects of different Cu salts (Copper chloride, copper acetate, alkaline copper tartrate and copper carbonate) on the process of angiogenesis among chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model by assessing histopathological alterations. Out of the four Cu salts studied, copper carbonate was found to be pro-angiogenic and did not reveal any detrimental effect, and therefore can have potential to be explored as a therapeutic material under health conditions requiring neovascularization. Rest other Cu salts (Copper chloride, copper acetate and alkaline copper tartrate) investigated were anti-angiogenic and induced inflammation in experimental material. Observing the importance of Cu in neovascularization, its salts can be used in therapeutic strategy either for treating disorders caused by excess angiogenesis or reduced angiogenesis.