THE FACTORS INDUCED DNA DAMAGE OF SPERMATOZOON, REPAIR AND DAMAGE DETECTION MECHANISMS

The damage of the spermatozoon deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which is getting importance in the intensive researches of nowadays, affects the life negatively both from the embryonic stage to the death and fertilization. Lots of reasons lead continuous damage onto the DNA. The damage is recovered by the individual mechanisms of the organism. This balance of the damage-repair, increasing the damage motives and breakdowns of the recovery mechanisms lead the balance in favor of the damage and cell death, decreasing fertilization capacity, impairment of the spermatozoon genome unity and mutations will be occurred. Lots of damage determination methods have been developed to detect these damages. Beside the studies which have been done about the correction of the detected damage and elimination, there are studies onto required precautions for not to take shape of this damage. In this sense, damage of spermatozoon DNA could be prevented by some precautions. In this review, reasons of damage of spermatozoon DNA, individual damage of DNA repair mechanism of organism, determination methods of damage of spermatozoon DNA and precautions against possible damages of DNA will be addressed.