ANATOMICAL STUDY OF SOME SPECIES BELONGING TO THE PAPAVERACEAE FAMILY IN NORTH OF IRAQ

The anatomical features of leaves and stems of seven species belonging to five genera of the Papaveraceae family were studied, including: Fumaria bracteosaPomel,1875;Glaucium grandiflorumBoissier & A. Huet,1856;Hypecoum pendulumLinnaeus,1753;Papaver fugax Poiret,1804;Papaver macrostomumBoissier & A. Huet,1867;Papaver rhoeasLinnaeus,1753and Roemeriarefractade Candolle,1821. The results showed thatthe anticlinal cell walls of the adaxial surface were more thickened in P. fugax, H. pendulum, P. macrostomumand R.refracta, while it was thin in P. rhoeas.The current investigation finds three types of the stomata (i.e.,anomocytic, paracytic and hemiparacytic), and the number of stomata on the adaxialepidermis ranged between 22.11 stomata mm2 in P. rhoeasand 69.30 stomata/mm2in P. fugax; the stomatal index percentage on the adaxial surface was 15.04% in P. macrostomumand 4.14% in P.rhoeas.The type of the mesophyll wasbifacial (dorsiventral)in structure for the species. Stems gave a good character in separation of the species;shape and size of cortex cells, and the numbers of cortex layers were taxonomically significant. The observations of this study showed six types of trichomes that werenon-glandular biseriated, triseriated or multiseriated, unicellularwith multicellular short hairs and finally uniseriate long hairs (in G. grandiflorum). P. rhoeasrecognized by found glandular short hairs.