Research on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Based on Dynamic Features of Ambulatory 24-Hour Esophageal pH Monitoring

Ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring has been considered as the gold standard for diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and in clinical application, static parameters are widely used, such as DeMeester score. However, a shortcoming of these static variables is their relatively high false negative rate and long recording time required. They may be falsely labeled as nonrefluxers and not appropriately treated. Therefore, it is necessary to seek more accurate and objective parameters to detect and quantify GERD. This paper first describes a new effort that investigated the feasibility of dynamic features of 24-hour pH recording. Wavelet energy, information entropy, and wavelet entropy were estimated for three groups (severe, mild-to-moderate, and normal). The results suggest that wavelet energy and entropy are physiologically meaningful since they differentiated patients with varying degrees of GERD. 𝐾-means clustering algorithm was employed to obtain the sensitivity and specificity of new parameters. It is obvious that information entropy goes with the highest sensitivity of 87.3% and wavelet energy has the highest specificity of 97.1%. This would allow a more accurate definition of the best indicators to detect and quantify GERD as well as provide an alternative insight into the early diagnosis of GERD.