Author/Authors :
Sharifi, Hooman Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center - National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD) - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Ghanei, Mostafa Chemical Injuries Research Center - Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute - Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Jamaati, Hamidreza Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center - National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD) - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Masjedi, Mohammad Reza Tobacco Control Research Center - Iranian Anti Tobacco Association, Tehran, Iran , Aarabi, Mohsen Diabetes Research Center - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran , Sharifpour, Ali Department of Internal Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Division - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran , Radmand, Golnar Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center - National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD) - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Najafimehr, Hadis Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics - School of Public Health - Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Buist, A. Sonia Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine - Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
Abstract :
Background: Globally chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was reported as the fourth
leading cause of death (5.1%) in 2004 and is projected to occupy the third position (8.6%) in 2030.
The goal of the present project is to describe the prevalence and risk factors of COPD in a province
in the north of Iran. Methods: This study followed a stratified cluster sampling strategy with
proportional allocation within strata. The stratification of the sample according to the 31 provinces of
Iran is incorporated in the sampling process. The single most important outcome measure obtained
as part of this protocol was spirometry before and after the administration of 200 mg (2 puffs) of
salbutamol. The descriptive statistics for categorical variables included the number and percent and
for continues variables included the mean ± SD. Results: A total of 1007 subjects were included in the
study. Among all participants, 46 (5%) subjects had COPD on the basis of symptoms and 43 (8.3%)
subjects had COPD on the basis of spirometry criteria. In univariate analysis, urban inhabitants in
comparison with rural inhabitants had lower COPD risk (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.24–0.95), smoker
had higher risk compared with nonsmokers (OR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.01–3.82), and subjects with
exposure to dust (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.09–3.94) had higher risk compared with contrary status.
Conclusions: This study showed that occupational and environmental smoke exposure was associated
with COPD. A new design of preventive measures must be taken to control cooking energy and
cooking stoves, particularly in rural areas.
Keywords :
prevalence , Iran , burden of obstructive lung disease , Airway obstruction
