Skeletal Muscle Lymphoma Presenting with ChronicCompartment Syndrome of Leg after Trauma

Compartment syndrome may be acute or chronic based on the clinical course and etiology. Here, we report the first known case tobe diagnosed with skeletal muscle-derived B-cell lymphoma presenting with chronic compartment syndrome after trauma. A 62-year-old woman sought medical attention due to a one-month history of painful left lower leg swelling and paresthesia of themedial side of the foot after falling over. .e patient underwent fasciotomy and debridement under the preoperative diagnosis offasciitis and myositis with associated compressive neuropathy. Preoperative laboratory tests were within normal limits. Post-operative pathologic examination and bone marrow aspiration revealed B-cell lymphoma with bone marrow involvementpostoperatively. Tumor lysis syndrome took place, presenting with drowsiness, poor appetite, and oliguria, after the operationalong with multiple organ failure. Awareness of the differential diagnoses of compartment syndrome in such clinical situation iscrucial because it may lead to different examination and treatment plan preoperatively