An Adaptive Calibration Framework for mVEP-Based Brain-Computer Interface

Electroencephalogram signals and the states of subjects are nonstationary. To track changing states efectively, an adaptive calibration framework is proposed for the brain-computer interface (BCI) with the motion-onset visual evoked potential (mVEP) as the control signal. The core of this framework is to update the training set adaptively for classifer training. The updating procedure consists of two operations, that is, adding new samples to the training set and removing old samples from the training set. In the proposed framework, a support vector machine (SVM) and fuzzy C-mean clustering (fCM) are combined to select the reliable samples for the training set from the blocks close to the current blocks to be classifed. Because of the complementary information provided by SVM and fCM, they can guarantee the reliability of information fed into classifer training. The removing procedure will aim to remove those old samples recorded a relatively long time before current new blocks. Tese two operations could yield a new training set, which could be used to calibrate the classifer to track the changing state of the subjects. Experimental results demonstrate that the adaptive calibration framework is efective and efcient and it could improve the performance of online BCI systems.