Combination of Superselective Arterial Embolization andRadiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of a Giant RenalAngiomyolipoma Complicated with Caval Thrombus

This is a case of a 78-year-old male patient with multiple angiomyolipomas of a solitary right kidney. The largest of these tumors(maximum diameter: 13.4 cm) caused significant extrinsic compression of the inferior vena cava complicated by thrombosis ofthis vessel. Treatment of thrombosis with anticoagulants had been ineffective and the patient had experienced a bleeding episodefrom the largest right renal angiomyolipoma, which had been treated by transarterial embolization in another institution, 4months prior to our intervention. Our approach included superselective transarterial embolization of the dominant, right kidneyangiomyolipoma with hydrogel microspheres, which was combined, 20 days later, with ultrasonographically guided radiofrequencyablation. Both interventions were uneventful. Computed tomography 2 months after ablation showed a 53% reduction in tumorvolume, reduced space-occupying effect on inferior vena cava, and resolution of caval thrombus. Nine months after interventionthe patient has had no recurrence of thrombosis or hemorrhage and no tumor regrowth has been observed. The combination ofsuperselective transarterial embolization and radiofrequency ablation seems to be a feasible, safe, and efficient treatment of largerenal angiomyolipomas.