Plasmablastic Lymphoma Mimicking Acute Pancreatitis

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare B-cell neoplasm. It predominantly occurs in the oral cavity of humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and exhibits a highly aggressive clinical behavior.Case Presentation.We describean unusual case of a 37-year-old HIV-positive male who presented with acute pancreatitis secondary to multiple peripancreaticmasses compressing the pancreas. Histopathological examination of the lesions showed diffuse and cohesive pattern of large B-cellsresembling immunoblasts or plasmablasts. The neoplastic cells were positive for BOB1 and MUM1, partially positive for CD79a,and negative for CD20, CD56, CD138, CD3, CD5, AE1/AE3, and HHV8. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA in situ hybridizationwas positive. These features were consistent with PBL. The patient was initiated on cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, andprednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy, demonstrating a striking response.Conclusion.To our research, this is the first report of PBLwith the initial presentation of acute pancreatitis. The findings in this case suggest that PBL should be included in the differentialdiagnosis of pancreatic and peripancreatic tumors