Title of article :
Interpretation of Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Findings of COVID-19 Disease: Biomarkers Associated with Severity and Mortality
Author/Authors :
Ghazanfari ، Tooba Immunoregulation Research Center - Shahed University , Salehi ، Mohammad Reza Department of Infectious Diseases - School of Medicine - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Namaki ، Saeed Department of Immunology - School of Medicine - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Arabkheradmand ، Jalil Ahya Neuroscience Research Center , Rostamian ، Abdolrahman Department of Rheumatology - Valiasr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Rajabnia Chenary ، Maryam Simorgh Clinical Laboratory , Ghaffarpour ، Sara Immunoregulation Research Center - Shahed University , Kaboudanian Ardestani ، Sussan Department of Immunology - Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics - University of Tehran , Edalatifard ، Maryam Thoracic Research Center - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Naghizadeh ، Mohammad Mehdi Immunoregulation Research Center - Shahed University , Mohammadi ، Saeed Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Mahloujirad ، Maryam Simorgh Clinical Laboratory , Izadi ، Alireza Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology - School of Public Health - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Ghanaati ، Hossein Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR) - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Beigmohammadi ، Mohammad Taghi Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Vodjgani ، Mohammad Department of Immunology - School of Medicine - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Mohammad Shirazi ، Bentolhoda Immunoregulation Research Center - Shahed University , Mirsharif ، Ensie Sadat Immunoregulation Research Center - Shahed University , Abdollahi ، Alireza Department of Pathology - School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Mohammadi ، Mostafa Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Emadi Kouchak ، Hamid Department of Infectious Diseases - School of Medicine - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Dehghan Manshadi ، Ali Department of Infectious Diseases - School of Medicine - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Zamani ، Mohammad Saber Immunoregulation Research Center - Shahed University , Mahmoodi Aliabadi ، Maedeh Department of Laboratory - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Jamali ، Davoud Department of Immunology - Shahed University , Khajavirad ، Nasim Department of Internal Medicine - Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Mohseni Majd ، Ali Mohammad Immunoregulation Research Center - Shahed University , Nasiri ، Zahra Immunoregulation Research Center - Shahed University , Faghihzadeh ، Soghrat Department of Biostatistics and Social Medicine - Zanjan University of Medical Sciences
Abstract :
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly all over the world in late 2019 and caused critical illness and death in some infected patients. This study aimed at examining several laboratory factors, especially inflammatory and immunological mediators, to identify severity and mortality associated biomarkers. Ninety-three hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were classified based on disease severity. The levels of biochemical, hematological, immunological, and inflammatory mediators were assessed, and their association with severity and mortality were evaluated. Hospitalized patients were mostly men (77.4%) with an average (standard deviation) age of 59.14 (14.81) years. The mortality rate was significantly higher in critical patients (85.7%). Increased serum levels of blood sugar, urea, creatinine, uric acid, phosphorus, total bilirubin, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and procalcitonin were significantly prevalent (p=0.002, p 0.001, p 0.001, p=0.014, p=0.047, p=0.003, p 0.001, p 0.001, p 0.001, p 0.001, P 0.001, and p 0.001, respectively) in COVID-19 patients. Decreased red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were significantly prevalent among COVID-19 patients than healthy control subjects (p 0.001 for all). Troponin-I, interleukin-6, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), procalcitonin, and D-dimer showed a significant association with the mortality of patients with specificity and sensitivity more than 60%. Age, sex, underlying diseases, blood oxygen pressure, complete blood count along with C-reactive protein, lactic dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, D-dimer, and interleukin-6 evaluation help to predict the severity and required management for COVID-19 patients. Further investigations are highly recommended in a larger cohort study for validation of the present findings.
Keywords :
Biomarkers , COVID , 19 , Immunology , Inflammation , SARS , CoV , 2
Journal title :
Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology
Journal title :
Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology
