Seasonal and Geographical Variation of Dengue Vectors in Narathiwat, South Thailand

Using GIS-based land use map for the urban-rural division (the relative ratio of population density adjusted to relatively Aedes-infested land area), we demonstrated significant independent observations of seasonal and geographical variation of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus vectors between Muang Narathiwat district (urban setting) and neighbor districts (rural setting) of Narathiwat, Southern Thailand, based on binomial distribution of Aedes vectors in water-holding containers (water storage containers, discarded receptacles, miscellaneous containers, and natural containers). The distribution of Aedes vectors was influenced seasonally by breeding outdoors rather than indoors in all 4 containers. Accordingly, both urban and rural settings elicited significantly seasonal (wet versus dry) distributions of Ae. aegypti larvae observed in water storage containers (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002) and natural containers (P = 0.016 and P = 0.015), whereas, in rural setting, the significant difference was observed in discarded receptacles (P = 0.028) and miscellaneous containers (P < 0.001). Seasonal distribution of Ae. albopictus larvae in any containers in urban setting was not remarkably noticed, whereas, in rural setting, the significant difference was observed in water storage containers (P = 0.007) and discarded receptacles (P < 0.001). Moreover, the distributions of percentages of container index for Aedes-infested households in dry season were significantly lower than that in other wet seasons, P = 0.034 for urban setting and P = 0.001 for rural setting. Findings suggest that seasonal and geographical variation of Aedes vectors affect the infestation in those containers in human inhabitations and surroundings.