Epidural analgesia is superior to local infiltration analgesia in children with cerebral palsy undergoing unilateral hip recon- struction

Background and purpose — Treatment of postoperative pain in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is a major challenge. We inves- tigated the effect of epidural analgesia, high-volume local infil- tration analgesia (LIA), and an approximated placebo control on early postoperative pain in children with CP who were undergo- ing unilateral hip reconstruction. Patients and methods — Between 2009 and 2014, we included 18 children with CP. The first part of the study was a random- ized double-blind trial with allocation to either LIA or placebo for postoperative pain management, in addition to intravenous or oral analgesia. In the second part of the study, the children were consecutively included for postoperative pain management with epidural analgesia in addition to intravenous or oral analgesia. The primary outcome was postoperative pain 4 h postoperatively using 2 pain assessment tools (r-FLACC and VAS-OBS) ranging from 0 to 10. The secondary outcome was opioid consumption over the 21-h study period. Results — The mean level of pain 4 h postoperatively was lower in the epidural group (r-FLACC: 0.7; VAS-OBS: 0.6) than in both the LIA group (r-FLACC: 4.8, p = 0.01; VAS-OBS: 5.2, p = 0.02) and the placebo group (r-FLACC: 5.2, p = 0.01; VAS-OBS: 6.5, p < 0.001). Corrected for body weight, the mean opioid consump- tion was lower in the epidural group than in the LIA group and the placebo group (both p < 0.001). Interpretation — Epidural analgesia is superior to local infil- tration analgesia for early postoperative pain management in children with cerebral palsy who undergo unilateral hip recon- struction.