Author/Authors :
Lima Siconelli, Márcio Junio Municipal Health Secretary - Av. General Glicério, São Paulo, Brazil , Alves Espósito, Danillo Lucas Municipal Health Secretary - Av. General Glicério, São Paulo, Brazil , Cristina Moraes, Nathália Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Animal Reproduction Department - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (FCAV/Unesp) - Access Way Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, São Paulo, Brazil , Maria Ribeiro, Julia Animal Pathology Department - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences - Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (FCAV/Unesp) - Access Way Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, São Paulo, Brazil , Perles, Lívia Animal Pathology Department - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences - Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (FCAV/Unesp) - Access Way Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, São Paulo, Brazil , Angélica Dias, Maria Municipal Health Secretary - Av. General Glicério, São Paulo, Brazil , Bianco Carvalho, Adolorata Aparecida Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Animal Reproduction Department - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (FCAV/Unesp) - Access Way Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, São Paulo, Brazil , Werther, Karin Animal Pathology Department - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences - Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (FCAV/Unesp) - Access Way Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, São Paulo, Brazil , Couto de Azevedo Fernandes, Natália Coelho Nucleus of Pathological Anatomy - Pathology Center - Adolfo Lutz Institute of São Paulo - State Secretary of Health, São Paulo, Brazil , Iglezias, Silvia D'Andretta Nucleus of Pathological Anatomy - Pathology Center - Adolfo Lutz Institute of São Paulo - State Secretary of Health, São Paulo, Brazil , Paes Bürger, Karina Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Animal Reproduction Department - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (FCAV/Unesp) - Access Way Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, São Paulo, Brazil , Lopes da Fonseca, Benedito Antonio Municipal Health Secretary - Av. General Glicério, São Paulo, Brazil
Abstract :
Yellow fever (YF) is a zoonotic arthropod-borne disease that is caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV) and characterized by a sylvatic and urban cycle. Its most severe presentation is manifested as a hemorrhagic disease, and it has been responsible for thousands of deaths in the last decades. This study describes the public health approaches taken to control the 2016-2017 YF outbreak in nonhuman primates (NHPs) that took place in the northeastern region of São Paulo state, Brazil. NHPs recovered from the field were necropsied, and YF diagnoses were made at the Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School and the Center of Pathology, Adolfo Lutz Institute of São Paulo. NHP samples were inoculated into Vero cells for YFV isolation. RNA extraction was performed directly from NHP tissues and tested by RT-qPCR. YFV-positive samples were confirmed by sequencing. Based on the rapid RT-qPCR results, surveillance actions were implemented in the entire region. Confirmatory histopathology and immunohistochemistry for YFV were also performed. Among nine NHPs, gross hepatic involvement was observed in six animals, five of which were YFV-RT-qPCR-positive. One YFV was isolated from the serum of an infant NHP. YFV RNA sequences diverged from the virus responsible for the last epizootic that occurred in São Paulo state, but it was similar to the current Brazilian epizootic. Public health actions included dissemination of information on YF transmission, investigation of the probable location of NHP infection, characterization of the environment, and subsequent creation of the blueprint from which prevention and control measures were implemented. The YFV sylvatic cycle occurred in the periurban areas of the northeastern region of São Paulo state, but no human cases were reported during this period, showing that integrated actions between human, animal, and environmental health professionals were critical to restrain the virus to the sylvatic cycle.
