Author/Authors :
Mandal, Dipendra Kumar Department of Laboratory Medicine - Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal , Sah, Shiv Kumar Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science - Purbanchal University - Little Buddha College of Health Science, Kathmandu, Nepal , Kumar Mishra, Shyam Department of Microbiology - Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal , Sharma, Sangita Department of Microbiology - Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal , Prasad Kattel, Hari Department of Microbiology - Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal , Pandit, Sanjeet National Public Health Laboratory - HIV Reference Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal , Kumar Yadav, Pranav Department of Laboratory Medicine - Udaypur District Hospital, Nepal , Laghu, Ujjwal Department of Microbiology - Grande International Hospital, Nepal , Lama, Rajani Department of Microbiology - Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal , Prasad Sah, Niranjan Department of Microbiology - Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal , Bahadur Sherchand, Jeevan Department of Microbiology - Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal , Parajuli, Keshav Department of Microbiology - Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal , Bastola, Anup Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal , Bahadur Pun, Sher Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal , Prasad Rijal, Basista Department of Microbiology - Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal , Mani Pokharel, Bharat Department of Microbiology - Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal
Abstract :
Background
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-Enterobacteriaceae have recently emerged as a public threat in the treatment of nosocomial as well as community-acquired infections. Very little information is currently available about its existence in Nepal. We, therefore, aim to determine the prevalence of ESBL and AmpC-β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-Enterobacteriaceae have recently emerged as a public threat in the treatment of nosocomial as well as community-acquired infections. Very little information is currently available about its existence in Nepal. We, therefore, aim to determine the prevalence of ESBL and AmpC-
Methods
During a 6-month period (November 2014–April 2015), a total of 190 stool specimens from 190 participants were obtained from different population. Of the total 260 fecal isolates, 152 from outpatient department (OPD) and 108 from healthy volunteer were collected. Stool specimens were cultured and enterobacterial isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests according to the standard microbiologic guidelines. ESBL was screened using ceftazidime (CAZ, 30 μg) and cefotaxime (CTX, 30 μg) and cefotaxime (CTX, 30 β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-
Results
The prevalence of ESBL, AmpC-β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-Enterobacteriaceae have recently emerged as a public threat in the treatment of nosocomial as well as community-acquired infections. Very little information is currently available about its existence in Nepal. We, therefore, aim to determine the prevalence of ESBL and AmpC-E. coli was 70.2% followed by K. pneumoniae (12.7%), and among AmpC-β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-E. coli was 70.2% followed by E. coli was 70.2% followed by K. pneumoniae (12.7%), and among AmpC-K. pneumoniae (12.7%), and among AmpC-C. freundii 2/7 (28.57%) were detected highest among AmpC-β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-
Conclusion
Our study revealed a high prevalence of ESBL- and AmpC-β-lactamase-producing enteric pathogen in Nepalese OPD and healthy population. The significant increase of these isolates and increased rate of drug resistance indicates a serious threat that stress the need to implement the surveillance system and a proper control measure so as to limit the spread of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) in both OPD as well as in community. Therefore, healthcare providers need to be aware that ESBL- and AmpC-β-lactamase-producing strains are not only circulating in hospital environments but also in the community and should be dealt with accordingly.β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-Enterobacteriaceae have recently emerged as a public threat in the treatment of nosocomial as well as community-acquired infections. Very little information is currently available about its existence in Nepal. We, therefore, aim to determine the prevalence of ESBL and AmpC-β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-
