Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological potential of Solanum khasianum C.B. Clarke., extracts: Special emphasis on its skin whitening, anti-diabetic, acetylcholinesterase and genotoxic activities

This study was designed to evaluate and compare the phytochemical constituents along with the bioactivities of Solanum khasianum C.B. Clarke. leaves (SKLME) and berries (SKBME) methanolic extracts. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, phenols, oxalates and cardiac glycosides were present in SKLME and SKBME. Considerable amounts of phenolic and flavonoids were found in SKLME and SKBME. SKBME showed better antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 20.68 μg/mL vs SKLME (38.30 μg/mL). SKBME and SKLME respectively showed anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 of 20.96 and 23.37 μg/mL. Apart from this, the present investigation also reports SKBME skin whitening ability, antidiabetic potential and anti-cholinesterase activity with IC50 values of 33.97, 28.24, and 32.42 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, SKLME showed herbicidal property with a total germination rate of 9.06% at a concentration of 80 μg/mL. Bioactivity analysis revealed higher pharmacological importance of the SKBME than SKLME, as well.