Association of Dietary Patterns with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Bangladeshi Adults

Background: Diet is a pivotal modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), while lifestyle and dietary modifications are ostensible measures considering the disease association. The present study was endeavored to identify dietary patterns in Bangladesh and to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and the risk of T2D. Methods: The investigation population (n=108) was a part of the population-based nutrition study conducted in Chattogram, Bangladesh. Dietary intake was obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Demographic, anthropometric, socioeconomic characteristics, and other covariates were collected using structured lifestyle questionnaires. Associations between dietary patterns and the risk of T2D were estimated by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Two major dietary patterns including traditional Bangladeshi and Western were identified using factor analysis. Odds ratios were calculated for the risk of T2D across quartiles of dietary pattern scores. Results: Subsequent adjusting for the possible confounders, the highest quartile of the Western dietary pattern score had greater odds of T2D (OR=1.16; 95% CI: 1.102-1.136; P=0.02) than those did in the lowest quartile. Compared with those in the lowest quartile, subjects in the highest quartile of the traditional Bangladeshi dietary pattern score had lower odds of the T2D (OR=0.69; 95% CI: 0.562-0.874; P=0.04) than those did in the lowest quartile. Conclusion: Traditional Bangladeshi dietary patterns had no association with the incidence of T2D and Western dietary patterns were associated with an increased risk of T2D.