The Effects of Eight Weeks High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Continuous Moderate-Intensity Training on Plasma Dickkopf-1 and Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) is the most important regulator of the Wingless signaling pathway (Wnt), which plays an important role in inflammation, atherogenesis, and glucose metabolism. Dkk-1 proteins increase with the activation of platelets, and increase of platelet activity plays a role in the progression of progressive atherogenesis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Objectives. The aim of this study was the effects of eight weeks high-intensity interval training vs. continuous moderate-intensity training on plasma dickkopf-1 and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods. A total of 57 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to the control (CTR), continuous moderate intensity training (CMIT), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) groups. Biochemical parameters were measured in all the subjects 48 hours before starting the training program as well as 48 hours after the last session of the training. Both training programs were performed based on specific protocols using a cycle ergometer. Results. Both training models could increase VO2peak and decrease glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, and hypertension in post-test compared to pre-test (p < 0.05). The plasma levels of Dkk-1 in the post-test of CMIT and HIIT groups decreased significantly compared to the pre-test values (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The HIIT and CMIT could decrease blood glucose and insulin resistance and reduce plasma Dkk-1 levels via reducing platelet dysfunction and improving diabetes-related indices.