Anatomical evaluation of the superficial veins of the upper extremity as graft donor source in microvascular reconstructions: a cadaveric study

Objective: The aim of study was to investigate the features and resources for vein grafts suitable for upper extremity arteries. Methods: Sixteen upper extremities of 8 cadavers were investigated. Anatomic localizations, diameters, wall thickness and valve types of the superficial veins of the upper extremity were counted and evaluated. Results: Average diameter of the brachial artery was 3.96 mm, the radial artery 2.54 mm, the ulnar artery 2.12 mm, the proper palmar digital artery 3 0.85 mm, the cephalic vein of the arm 1.81 mm, the basilic vein of the arm 3.20 mm, the cephalic vein of the forearm 2.04 mm, the basilic vein of the forearm 1.35 mm, and the dorsal venous network of the hand 1.27 mm. Three different types of valves were determined. The most frequent valve types were the Type 3 in the cephalic and basilica veins at 86.5% and 90.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Data obtained on the superficial veins of the upper extremity may be helpful to surgeons in microsurgical reconstructions.