Management and outcome of gastric carcinoma in Zaria, Nigeria

Introduction: Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the world. The objective of this study was to present the clinical evaluation, treatment and outcome of 179 patients with gastric carcinoma in Zaria, Nigeria. Methods: Patients managed for histologically diagnosed gastric carcinoma were reviewed. The extent of surgical intervention was based on pre-operative and intra-operative staging balanced against the age and overall fitness of the patient. Mortality, morbidity and patient’s survival were monitored. Results: There were 179 patients, with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1. Their mean age was 51±6.3. Ten (5.6%) patients presented with early gastric cancer. Overall, 155(86.6%) patients had surgical intervention including gastric resection in 87 (56.1%). Of the gastrectomies, 28.7% were curative (R0). Postoperative complications were seen in 43(27.7%) patients. Postoperative mortality in 25(16.1%) patients was significantly associated with peritoneal metastasis (p 0.001), preoperative comorbidity (p 0.01) and age more than 60years (p 0.03). The overall median survival was 13.6 months while 70.1% and 21.8% of patients that underwent gastrectomy survived for 1 and 5 years respectively. Conclusion: Treatment of gastric cancer should be based on a reasonable choice of operation that must consider not only the survival benefits but also the surgical risks and postoperative quality of life.