Cigarette Smoking Risks on Blood Indices and Liver Enzymes of Male and Female Smokers in Kurdistan, Iraq

Smoking is the worst human behavior; it is practiced by people addicted to nicotine; smoking cigarettes causes many harmful diseases, such as anemia and liver sickness. The aim of the present study is to assess the relationship between gender and the effect of smoking cigarettes. For the purpose of this study, twenty-eight volunteers had participated in four different groups: Female smokers (n = 7), Female non-smokers (n = 7), Male smokers (n = 7), Male non-smokers (n = 7). The results showed that Red Blood Cells (RBCs) in Male smoker group significantly (P 0.05) increased in comparison with the Female smoker group. Also, Aspartase amino transferase (AST) significantly rose in Male smoker group versus that in the Female smoker group. On the other hand, many blood indices and liver enzyme parameters in male smoker group were higher than those in the female smoker. In conclusion, cigarettes lead to a change in blood cellular and fluctuation in liver enzymatic activity in both male and female volunteers, but males were more sensitive to smoking consequences as compared with the females.