Author/Authors :
Hammad, Hafiz Mohkum University of Agriculture - Department of Agronomy, Agro-Climatology Lab, Pakistan , Ahmad, Ashfaq University of Agriculture - Department of Agronomy, Agro-Climatology Lab, Pakistan , Laghari, Khalifa Qasim Mehran University of Engineering Technology - Department of Civil Engineering, Pakistan , Abbas, Farhat University of Hawaii - Watershed Hydrology Laboratory NREM, USA , Nasim, Wajid University of Agriculture - Department of Agronomy, Agro-Climatology Lab, Pakistan , Farhad, Wajid University of Agriculture - Department of Agronomy, Agro-Climatology Lab, Pakistan , Malik, Ali Hafeez Technology and Product Quality - Department of Agriculture Farming systems, Sweden
Abstract :
Worldwide demand of organic product is increasing; Pakistani farmer’s awareness is also increasing towards organic farming due to high cost of synthetic fertilizers and demand of organic food. This study aimed at examining organic farming in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A wheat cultivar Fareed-2006 was planted on November 20, 2007 at Adoptive Research Farm Karor, Layyah. Organic manures from five different sources viz. green manure (GM), farm yard manure (FYM), poultry litter (PL), press mud (PM) and sewage sludge (SS) each at the rate of 20 ton ha^-1 were used in the experiment. Seven treatments were established having one control and one with recommended NPK. Recommended NPK gave maximum productive tillers (274.8), number of grains per spike (52.10), biological yield (9.61 ha^-1) and economic yield (3.84 t ha^-1) while minimum was observed in control. The same treatment (recommended NPK) gave maximum net benefit ($1189.85 ha^-1), however in marginal analysis SS at the rate of 20 ton ha^-1 gave maximum marginal rate (1139.98.20%) of return while recommended NPK gave minimum (225.91%) marginal than organic farming due to high cost of input.
Keywords :
Wheat , organic farming , sources of organic manures , economic and marginal analysis
