Industrialization in Procurement of Ice and Ice Factories Established in the Ottoman Empire

The second half of the 19th century was a period of industrialization and factorization in the Ottoman Empire. As a consequence, the method of providing snow and ice, which are obtained by conventional methods since the 15th century has been changed and replaced with machines producing high scales of ice and snow. Primarily, to promote the manufacture of ice, concessions are given as a privilege to establish ice factories. In time, the increased use of ice and evolution of artificial ice production to a widespread industrial branch, procedure of giving concessions has been abandoned in 1892. After that, licenses are given to those who demand to establish ice factories. In this way, particularly in the regions which are densely populated or have land and sea transportation facilities, ice factories have been established in many parts of the Ottoman Empire from the Balkans to the Middle East.