Dilemma of indiscriminate use of Vena Cava filters

Madam, mechanical interruption of blood flow by femoral vein ligation as a means to protect againstpulmonary embolism (P.E.) was first performed by JohnHunter in 1784.Mobin-Uddin a Pakistani Vascular Surgeon was the first to introduce intra-luminal device in 1967. However, the earlier umbrella devices had a significant thrombosis and migration rate. In 1973, the Greenfield filter was introduced which could be inserted percutaneously and have received wide success.