Gender difference in age at onset of Schizophrenia: a cross sectional study from Pakistan

Objective: To validate the effect of gender on age at onset of schizophrenia in a developing country. Methods: Medical records of 252 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV criteria at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan between 2002 and 2008 were reviewed using a structured questionnaire. Age at onset was defined as age at onset of psychotic symptoms, age at first contact with a health care provider and age at first hospitalization. Socio-demographic variables were reported using descriptive statistics and all measures of age at onset were compared across gender using t-test. Results: There were 119 women and 133 men with mean age of 37.6 ± 12.8 years. All three measures of age at onset of illness showed no difference between women and men. The mean age when first psychotic symptoms appeared in men was 24.86 ± 8.83 years (n=128) while that in women was 26.57 ± 9.96 years (n=111), p=0.160. The mean age at index hospitalization for treatment of psychosis in men was 29.50 ± 10.64 years (n=123) and in women was 31.61 ± 12.07 years (n=103), p=0.164. The mean age at first contact with any caregiver in men was 29.73 ± 37.58 years (n=119) and in women was 29.38 ± 11.99 years (n=108), p=0.926. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in age at onset of schizophrenia across gender in our population. This validates a difference in epidemiology of schizophrenia in the South Asian population.