Adverse Effects of Nitroxynil in comparison with Levamisole on Male Rats

The present study was conducted to study the effectivness of Nitroxynil and or Levamisole on male fertility, as well as its effects on the liver and kidney functions tests, some hematological parameters and histopathological changes. Therfore sixty mature male albino rats were used and divided into 4 equal groups. The first group: rats was kept as control and subcutaneously injected with proplyene glycol (2 ml/kg b.wt.) and distal water at dose of (2m/kg b.wt orally). The second group: was subcutaneous injection of Nitroxynilat a dose of (36mg/kg bwt). The third group: was orally administered Levamisole (7.5 mg / kg bwt.). The fourth group: was administered Nitroxynil (36mg/kg bwt .s.c)+ Levamisole (7.5 mg / kg bwt.oral) were re-administered to all groups after 30 days from the start of the experiment as the same doses previously mentioned. Five rats were killed at 2nd, 4th and 8thweeks from beginning of drug administration. The obtained results showed that administration of Nitroxynil and or Levamisole and their combination induced a variety of side effects on male reproduction as reduction of testes, epididymis, and accessory sex organs weights and change in sperm charactersdecreased sperm count and motility, and increase the sperm abnormalities. Liver functions tests such as serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartateaminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased. Moreover, administration of Nitroxynil and or Levamisole induced histopathological alterations in reproductive organs, liver and kidney. Therefore, caution should be taken when using Nitroxynil andor Levamisole in male animals.