Epileptic Seizures: Clinicopathological Analysis of Structural Development, and Malignant Brain Lesions

Background: epilepsy is a common neurologic disorder affecting about 1% of population. As well as is a common manifestation in patients with structural brain lesions and brain tumors. Its incidence in brain tumors depends on tumor type and location. Surgical treatment of epilepsy provides hope for patients who are refractory to medical therapy. Additionally, the prophylactic use of antiepileptic drugs in cases of brain tumors is generally not recommended. So, the histopathological diagnosis of any brain tissue removed from epileptic patients is mandatory for both choice of therapy and prognosis. Aim: the aim of this study is to analyze brain biopsies received from patients suffering from epileptic seizures aiming to show the underlying specific causes. Also to study the prevalence of epilepsy among them according to the cause. As by the accurate histopathological diagnosis for etiology, these patients can be received their treatment on a scientific strategy. Material and Method: the archival material of 80 cases of brain biopsies were performed and collected from the King Faisal Specialized Hospital and Research Center (KFSH / RC) in the Western area, Kingdom, Saudi Arabia. Our study revealed 10 cases (12.5%) had neoplastic growth and composed mainly of primary brain tumors while, the remaining 70 cases (87.5%) were non-neoplastic and formed of structural brain lesions. So, the major causes of epilepsy are non-tumorous. Results: this study revealed, majority of cases formed of non-neoplastic brain lesions and encompassed of 70 out of 80 cases. While, the minority showedbrain tumors. So, the plan of treatment was designated according to the underlying etiologic lesions. Conclusion: epileptic seizures in many instances are not related to brain tumors and can be managedby anti-epileptic drugs.