Rotavirus infection in Saudi Arabia

Background: Human rotavirus, an important causative agent of se- vere gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide, leads to high morbidity in both developing and developed countries, including Saudi Arabia, and high mortality in developing countries. Effective con- trol depends upon an accurate understanding of disease burden and the relative importance of circulating serotypes. Methods: We examined the epidemiology and disease burden of rota- virus in Saudi Arabia through a review of 22 published studies of rotavi- rus and the aetiology of diarrhoea carried out from 1982 to 2003. results: The prevalence of rotavirus infection ranged between 10% to 46% with a median of 30%. Most cases were among children less than 2 years of age, and particularly in the first year of life. There were sig- nificant differences in seasonality within Saudi Arabia, with increased infection during winter in some cities and during summer in others. G1 was the predominant serotype followed by G4, G3 and G2, in 4 studies where strains had been G-typed. The prevalence of nontypeable strains ranged from 11.0% to 31.3%. No data were available on P types. Results of electropherotyping in 4 studies revealed that the long electrophero- type was predominant. conclusion: Rotavirus is an important cause of severe diarrhoea in Saudi children. However, the available data on rotavirus strains in circu- lation are limited and there is an urgent need for up-to-date and compre- hensive studies to evaluate rotavirus strains in circulation and identify unusual types that could be incorporated into future vaccines.