Author/Authors :
Alsuwaida, Abdulkareem O. King Saud University - Renal Division, Saudi Arabia , Farag, Youssef M. K. Harvard University - Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital - Renal Division, USA , Al-Sayyari, Abdulla A. King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences - Nephrology Division, Saudi Arabia , Mousa, Dujanah Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital - Department of Nephrology, Saudi Arabia , Alhejaili, Fayez King Abdulaziz Medical City - Department of Medicine, Saudi Arabia , Al-Harbi, Ali Security Forces Hospital Program - Department of Internal Medicine, Saudi Arabia , Housawi, Abdulrahman King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Saudi Arabia , Mittal, Bharati V. Harvard University - Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital - Renal Division, USA , Singh, Ajay K. Harvard University - Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital - Renal Division, USA
Abstract :
There are no available data about the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its risk factors in the general population of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To estimate the prevalence of CKD and its associated risk factors in the Saudi population, we conducted a pilot community-based screening program in commercial centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Candidates were interviewed and blood and urine samples were collected. Participants were categorized to their CKD stage according to their estimated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD3)-based, the new Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation and the presence of albuminuria. The sample comprised 491 (49.9% were males) adult Saudi nationals. The mean age was 37.4 ± 11.3 years. The overall prevalence of CKD was 5.7% and 5.3% using the MDRD-3 and CKD-EPI glomerular filtration equations, respectively. Gender, age, smoking status, body mass index, hypertension and diabetes mellitus were not significant predictors of CKD in our cohort. However, CKD was significantly higher in the older age groups, higher serum glucose, waist/hip ratio and blood pressure. Only 7.1% of the CKD patients were aware of their CKD status, while 32.1% were told that they had protein or blood in their urine and 10.7% had known kidney stones in the past. We conclude that prevalence of CKD in the young Saudi population is around 5.7%. Our pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of screening for CKD. Screening of high-risk individuals is likely to be the most cost-effective strategy to detect CKD patients.
