COMTEMPORARY TRANSFORMATIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN II. CONSTITUTIONAL PERIOD (1908-1918)

This study aims to examine the reflections of physical education practices on educational institutions, sports facilities and equipment utilized, and the modern transformations seen in the publishing activities which were considered as an instrument for transformation. The study, adopting Document Analysis Method which is a kind of qualitative research approach, is based on the primary sources of the aforementioned period. According to the findings, physical education courses, to which pedagogical, paramilitary and bio-political meanings are attributed, had taken place in the curriculum of all schools. In the same period, sports facilities and gymnastics equipment were made suitable for Swedish gymnastics practices. Besides, periodicals and translated works were published in order to encourage physical training in and outside of schools. To conclude, contrary to pre - II. Constitutional Period in which very few studies had been conducted; many studies in contemporary approach in quantitative and qualitative manner had been conducted in the field of physical education despite the difficulties faced in II. Constitutional Period, thus establishing the substructure for the new reforms to be made in the Republican Period.