COMPARATIVE STUDY ON LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE, ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE an‎d IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN SERUM an‎d SALIVA OF ACUTE LEUKEMIA an‎d ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA PATIENTS

Biochemical changes have been occurring in biological fluids and tissues of different types of malignancies. Most molecules found in blood and urine are found in saliva, but their concentrations were estimated to be one tenth to one thousandth of that in the blood. The present study aims to measure the levels of Lactate dehydrogenase Alkaline phpsphatase enzymes and Immunoglobulins in serum and saliva of Acute Leukemia (AL) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) patients, and apparantly healthy individuals as control group. Unstimulated (resting) saliva and serum were collected from 70 newly diagnosed, untreated AL patients and 20 OSCC patients, in addition to 20 healthy individuals and 12 adults with periodontitis. According to the results of this study, serum and saliva enzymes showed a significant increase in Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels of AL and OSCC in comparison to control group. Serum and saliva IgG showed non significant increase, whereas IgA level was reduced and IgM showed significant increase in AL patients in comparison to the control group. Results on OSCC patients showed a significantly increase in serum and saliva immunoglobulins but saliva IgA was reduced in comparison to control group. The levels of serum LDH and ALP in AL patients were higher than that in OSCC patients, whereas the levels of saliva LDH and ALP in AL were lower than that of OSCC patients. The serum IgG and IgM levels were higher in AL patients than that of OSCC patients, whereas serum IgA was lower in AL patients. Saliva immunoglobulins were higher in OSCC patients than that of AL patients. In conclusion, a disseminates malignancy, like AL, causes changes in the levels of Lactate dehydrogenase and Alkaline phosphatase in blood as well as in saliva. However, the changes in blood are more striking than that is saliva while in a local malignancy like OSCC, the changes are more prominent in saliva than that in blood.