A Study of Sustainable Development in Parks of North Tehran According to sdg11 Case Studies: Niyavaran and Qeytariyeh Parks

Sustainable development is one of the important subjects of our world. It means supporting the needs of current populations without dangerous effects on the resources of future generations. This subject finds its vital role in different sciences and is an effort based on sustainable development goals (SDG), defined by the United Nations (in United Nations General Assembly) in 2015. In this paper, two parks, Qeytariyeh park and Niyavaran park located in Northern Tehran, Iran, were studied according to SDG. The study was designed specifically around goal 11 of United Nations General Assembly and the application of sustainable development in cities. After a literature review of research, the parks were examined to trace their success as a public space according to the SDG. Qualitative methods were used to investigate field observations and conduct personal interviews with daily visitors of the parks (selected randomly with small control over demographics of gender and age). The aim of this paper is to find out the extent that these parks are successful public spaces according to sustainable development standards. According to the analysis, considering the high percentage of positive answers in each part of the study, both cases are considered as successful sustainable public spaces. However, in most components of the study, Qeytariyeh scored marginally higher than Niyavaran. The primary concerns in each study were the ability of women to engage in physical activities and the low employment rates due to parks and surrounding businesses. These concerns should be considered for park design, maintenance, and future improvements. In conclusion, we have proposed solutions to strengthen the success of the parks as sustainable public spaces.