Concept Of Higher Education and Analysis Of Impact Of Higher Education On Employment and Economy In Turkey

In this study, the importance of education and thus of human capital were focused on, the concept of higher education was examined and the employability of individuals as a result of increase in their education level was analyzed. In the studies performed on human capital so far, it has been found that the economic effectiveness increases as educational level of human capital raises. Referring to the importance of the subject in our study, the higher education system was examined as an important building stone of the education system. If it is taken into consideration that the universities are one of the places where scientific knowledge is generated and the cost of retrieving knowledge is high, the fact that the universities are an indispensable factor for the dynamics of the society will be better understood. Development of the education sector and improvement of its quality will also require raising the quality of human capital. It is necessary to make a number of investments and bear the costs in order to improve the quality of human capital. The society can progress to the next level through these investments, many new and good developments may emerge in the economic and social fields. The benefits of investment in education to the individuals are as much important as benefits to the society. Among these benefits the most important one is the fact that the employability and income earned increases as the education level of individuals raise. Comparisons are made between future incomes of the individuals and the cost of education borne by them in order them to be able to increase their educational level. The individuals graduated from high school differ from the ones graduated from college in terms of their job opportunities, the employer institutions and the income to be earned in the future. One of the preliminary individual benefits of education is the life time increase in material and moral earnings. Therefore in our study, the necessity, the creation dynamics and the development stages and the global developments of the higher education were tried to be expressed, then the functionality of education and the impact of individual and social gains as a university graduate were focused on briefly. In the last part, the effects of individuals graduated from general high school, vocational school and university on the employment were examined by using annual data of 1994-2014periodin the context of Turkey s economy. Data was obtained from databases of Turkey Statistical Institute, Higher Education Institution and Ministry of Education statistics and the modeling was made with Eviews8 program. In the study first of all, Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test was applied for data sets, modeling was made according to the Least Square method and the effect of variables on the employment was tried to be determined through performing Granger causality test.