Neo-Eurasianism on the Geographical and Geopolitical Axis

Eurasianism is an intellectual and semi-political tendency that emerged among Russian thinkers in the 1920s. The aim of Eurasianism is to create a civilization of different ethnic groups, mostly of Turkish / Russian / Eurasian Muslims and Slavs, on the assumption that Russia belongs neither to Eastern or Western Europe. Classical Eurasianists viewed Europe, mostly Western Europe, as the main geopolitical rival of Russia / Eurasia. Neo-Eurasianists, on the other hand, do not see Western Europeans as enemies of Russia / Eurasia, unlike the classical Eurasianists, and even as allies or at least as a neutral force. Neo-Eurasianists target the US as the rising enemy of Eurasia and all humanity. Here, the US has been declared the main enemy, not because of its desire to retain natural resources (oil and gas), but because of its policies of reshaping the entire world in its own order. The terms Eurasia and Eurasianism reappeared in the post-Soviet political and intellectual arena. Eurasian terminology, which emphasizes Russia s European and Asian identity, gained popularity in the mid-1990s as the most comprehensive of conservative ideologies with an argument that synthesized Slavic and Turkish-Muslim cultures. In this context, Russia s rejection of the imperialist European identity and the idea of integrating Asia and Europe were supported by the intellectual and politicians in explaining the collapse of the Soviet Union and in demonstrating the continuity of the Russian Federation, which spatially re-extended to this geography. In the international conjunctural structure, the Atlantic and Eurasian schools, which were proposed as a means of solution to the economic, social and political problems of Russian foreign policy both in domestic and foreign policy, were introduced with concepts such as empire, nation state and federalism from Tsarist Russia to Bolshevik Revolution they served the state building process in line with their own intellectual foundations. The international conjunctural structure in the emergence of the school of neo-Eurasianism and its place in Russian foreign policy will be discussed, and the sustainability of the control and control that Russia is trying to achieve in the geography, also called its immediate environment, will be discussed. In this context, the assumption of Neo-Eurasianism as a school in post-Putin foreign policy and the assumptions put forward by A. Dugin as an extension of this school will be examined. In this direction, an analysis will be made on the effects of Eurasianism and the Russian geopolitical school in the foreign policy decisions of the Neo-Eurasianism and the fourth political theory in the axis of Eurasian geography.