Physical and chemical properties of nano-liposome, application in nano medicine

The liposome is derived from two Greek roots: 'Lipo' meaning fat and 'Some' meaning structure. Liposomes can be made from natural phospholipids and cholesterol and, if necessary, other additives. Liposomes were first discovered by Bangham in 1961 due to their simple, self-fulfilling structure and low cost. Liposomes are spherical vesicles with a membrane composed of bilayer phospholipids that are used to release drugs or genetic material into the cell. Current research is focused on liposome technology based on the preparation and development of long-circulating liposomes, lipid components' changing, and vesicles' charge amount. Liposomes, in addition to pharmaceutical carriers, are used in cutaneous, respiratory, food industries, injectable, and in genetic engineering and diagnostic applications. This paper reviews the physical and chemical characteristics, structure, construction methods, and applications of nanoliposomes in various uses as drug carriers, including the treatment of specific diseases.