Distinctive Aspects of Vernacular Architecture of Wakhan Valley in Afghanistan; Influencing the Crossing Cultures and Adapting to the Harsh Climate

Many scientific sources agree that indigenous architecture is best suited to its environment in terms of shape and function. In this architecture, climatic conditions, access to materials, culture, and residents beliefs play an important role in the formation of the outer wall, the arrangement of ancillary spaces, and decorative features. This architecture has a unique feature in the Pamir Mountains of Afghanistan in the face of wildlife, different cultures, and harsh climatic conditions. The approach of the two Wakhi and Kyrgyz immigrant communities in the region is quite different in their adherence to traditions. However, in the Wakhan Valley, the transfer of experiences between farmers and herding nomads has created a new kind of architecture that is still introverted. The descriptive-analytical method has been studied on library resources, maps, statistical data, reports, and field images to study the formation of this architecture. This study showed that in a wise introverted way, indigenous architecture is based on maintaining the internal warmth of the house and socio-cultural relationships. Symbols are influenced by neighboring civilizations nature, history, and culture and have evolved. However, this architecture plays an important role in creating interaction and social stability in this region. Communities in residential, religious, and burial buildings have also paid attention to available materials and adaptation to landform. Despite efforts to adapt to very cold climates in both homes, buildings, and tents, there are limitations to receiving lighting and ventilation.