THE EFFECT OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL ON SËRUM LIPIDS AND CALCIUM - PHOSPHATE PROFILES IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of glycemic control levels in type 2 diabetic patients on the serum lipids and lipoprotein profiles and the serum levels of calcium, phosphate and some other electrolytes. The study was conducted on 81 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were attending the Outpatient Diabetic and Endocrine Clinic in King Khaled Hospital, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The patients were classified into two groups depending on their glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c); First: those with good glycemic control (GGC) who had their HbA1c 7.5% (n= 38) and those with poor glycemic control (PGC) who had their HbA1c 7.5% (n= 43). The control group comprised of 52 healthy subjects. All anthropometric and biochemical measurements were carried out using the standard methods. Both control and diabetic groups showed high prevalence of obesity with BMI values 30 (32.2% of C, 34.2% of GGC and 39.5% of the PGC). The fasting serum glucose levels in GGC and PGC groups were significantly higher than control by 77.3% and 1.1-fold, respectively. The serum total cholesterol (Tc) in the PGC group showed a significant increase (P 0.01) by 14.4%, whereas, the GGC was not significantly different from control. Tc showed a significant positive correlation with Hb A1c (r= 0.91, P=0.00007). On the other hand, the serum triglyceride was significantly higher (P 0.01) in both GGC and PGC groups. The VLDL was elevated in the GGC by 96.5% and in the PGC by 100% compared to control, whereas, the LDLc fractions in the GGC and PGC were increased by 9.1% and 16.7%, respectively, but HDL-c was not altered. The Serunrmagnesium and sodium levels were not altered in any of the diabetic groups. However, calcium was significantly raised (P 0.05) in the PGC compared to control, but not significantly different in GGC. Serum phosphate in the GGC and PGC exhibited significant increases (P 0.001) and (P 0.01), respectively. Similarly, the potassium levels were significantly higher in both groups compared to control. The type 2 diabetic patients who had better glycemic control showed favorable lipid and lipoprotein profiles with lower risk factors for atherosclerosis and had moderate calcium and phosphate levels compared to their poorly controlled counterparts.