The Effect of Silymarin on Mesenteric Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Objective: To examine the effect of silymarin (SM), a mixture of flavonoids and polyphenols extracted from Silybum marianum, on mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury in a rat model. Materials and Methods: Fifty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10). Group 1 was sham operated, while groups 2–5 were subjected to mesenteric I-R lasting 1 h. Group 2 received isotonic sodium chloride, group 3 received SM (100 mg/kg/day) for 7 days before I-R, group 4 received SM for 7 days after I-R, and group 5 received SM for 7 days both before and after I-R. The rats were sacrificed by exsanguination in groups 1–3 at the 24th hour and groups 4 and 5 were sacrificed on the 7th day of reperfusion. Blood and intestinal specimens were taken for biochemical and pathological evaluations. Results: Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and heat shock protein 70 levels were significantly higher in group 2 (5.24 ± 1.76 U/l and 261.4 ± 16.8 ng/ ml) compared to the sham group (2.08 ± 1.76 U/l and 189.9 ± 28.7 ng/ml) (p 0.001 and p 0.0001, respectively). However, SOD activity and the extent and severity of the histopathological lesions were significantly less in groups 3 [3.11 ± 1.18 U/l, 1.0 (range 0.0–2.0)], 4 [2.15 ± 0.87 U/l, 1.0 (range 1.0–3.0)], and 5 [1.80 ± 0.61 U/l, 0.5 (range 0.0–2.0)], treated with SM, than in group 2 [5.24 ± 1.76 U/l, 2.0 (range 2.0–3.0)] (p = 0.002, p 0.001, and p = 0.0001; p 0.001, p = 0.007, and p = 0.0001, respectively). Also, TNF-α levels were lower in the SM-supplemented groups compared to group 2. Serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance concentrations were low in the pre-/posttreatment groups treated with SM compared to group 2. No statistical difference was observed for protein carbonyls between the groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SM therapy may attenuate the oxidative and intestinal damage induced by I-R injuries.