Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna for L1 and L2 for Global Positioning System Applications

A new dual-band antenna design with high gain have been developed for Global Positioning System (GPS)applications covering L1 and L2 frequencies of 1.575GHz and 1.227GHz using the latest widening bandwidth and downsizing techniques. This antenna is a single layer antenna consists of two L-shaped slot structure. The size of the radiation patch element that refers to the L2 frequency band is 0.441 λo x 0.441 λo x 0.016 λo while the size of the radiation patch element for L1 frequency band is 0.282 λo x 0.282 λo x 0.016 λo where λo corresponding to centre frequency. The design achieved an impedance bandwidth of 52 MHz from 1.213 GHz to 1.265 GHz to for the lower band, while the upper band covers 161 MHz (1.538 to 1.699 GHz) with maximum gain of 6.89 dBi and 7.26 dBi for both frequency bands. Design analysis conducted and presented in this paper shows a low-profile characteristics antenna makes this antenna is suitable for GPS applications.