Analysis of adsorpti n of azo dye onto NiAl-CO₃ using Box-Behnken design approach and desirability function

Batch adsorption process was used for Methyl Orange (MO) azo dye removal from aqueous solution onto flower-like Ni-Layered Double Hydroxide adsorbent, prepared in our previous work. The weights of the effects of the change of initial dye concentration (C₀: 100–500 mg/L), temperature (T: 10–50 °C) and adsorbent dose (w: 0.33–1 g/L) on removal efficiency (%) were evaluated. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on 3-variable 3-level Box–Behnken design was applied. The effects of the experimental factors on the removal efficiency of MO from aqueous medium onto adsorbent fitted the adopted polynomial model, and the weights of the effects of the factors followed the order: initial dye concentration temperature dose. The effects of the interactions between the factors on the adsorption properties were evaluated and discussed in relation to the mechanism of elimination.