comparative study of the ethanolic and aqueous avicennia marina mangrove extracts on the biosynthesis of agcl@tio2 nanocomposite

the biosynthesis of nanomaterials is an important aspect of nanotechnology due to its cost-effective and eco-friendly procedure. the present study was carried out to fabricate agcl@tio2 nanocomposite using the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of avicennia marina mangrove plant as a reducing and stabilizing agent (rsa). the effect of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts with different concentrations on the biosynthesis of agcl@tio2 nanoparticles (nps) was systematically studied by x-ray diffraction (xrd), field emission scanning electron microscopy (fe-sem), energy dispersive spectroscopy (eds), uv-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (uv-visible drs), and fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectrometer. the results illustrated the successful synthesis of agcl@tio2 nanocomposite without any impurity phase using the aqueous extract. agcl nps were uniformly distributed on the surface of tio2. the absorption intensity of agcl@tio2 with a band gap energy of 2.95 was improved both in the uv and vl region and displayed stronger absorption compared with pure tio2. ft-ir analysis confirmed that the biosynthesized agcl@tio2 by using aqueous leaf extract was not just an easy physical mixture of ag and tio2 species but it was a molecular-level combining of ti–o and ag–o domains in the nanocomposite