Cardiorespiratory Parameters in Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation Versus Spontaneous Ventilation in Under One-Year-Old Pediatrics: A Randomized Trial

Background: Cardiac catheterization is a useful method for determining the anatomy and pressure in cardiac vessels and chambers. The use of anesthesia methods with minimal hemodynamic and respiratory effects can increase diagnostic accuracy. Objectives: Since there are a few exclusive pediatric angiography centers, scarce studies have been done in this area. Accordingly, this study determined the effects of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) versus spontaneous ventilation on cardiorespiratory parameters in less than one-year-old pediatric patients undergoing angiography with general anesthesia. Methods: In this interventional study that was performed as a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 60 children younger than one year were enrolled. The pulmonary, renal, hepatic, and metabolic background diseases, previous cardiac and thoracic surgery, requiring over two ketamine doses, and receiving sedative or anti-convulsant therapeutics were excluded. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups, including IPPV and spontaneous ventilation. Their vital signs were also recorded before and after anesthesia induction and needling, as well as during measurements of pulmonary parameters and systemic blood pressure. All measurements were done by a single operator using the same device for each variable. Results: It was seen that SPO2, as well as PCO2 after anesthesia had significant alterations among the study variables. Nausea and vomiting, pain, and agitation were not different across the groups (P-value 0.05). Conclusions: In this study, we found that IPPV and spontaneous ventilation have the same effects on respiration. Both techniques can be used in children with different cardiovascular catheterization conditions to increase accuracy and reduce alterations in cardiopulmonary parameters.