Climate change impacts on agriculture and food security; a global overview

Climate change affects agricultural production and agricultural-related factors such as food security and economic well-being. Climate and its changes in recent decades have become one of the most important global issues and one of the major environmental problems. Agriculture is one of the first sectors to be affected by these changes; because farmers are unable to control the climate. However, management and change in factors such as crop cultivation and optimization of cultivation patterns under the climate of the region, can reduce the adverse effects of climate change on the growth and yield of agricultural products and play an important role in sustainable food production. The latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that the average global temperature rise for 2050 will be around 3 °C and at the end of this century around 4.5 °C, causing significant economic losses at becoming world level. This article collects information on the subject of climate change, its possible causes, its forecast in the near future, its impact on the agricultural sector as an impact on plants and its potential consequences for plant growth and productivity, plant breeding strategies and examines the adaptation of plants to climate change and the impact of climate change on food security.