Effect of Organic Manure, Tipping Dates and Ethephon Sprays on Quality of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) CV. Kamali

This study was carried out on a private vineyard located at Bare-Buhar village, Duhok governorate, Kurdistan region, Iraq, during the growing season of 2012- 2013 to investigate the effect of three levels of organic manure (0, 4 and 8 kg.vine^-1), three date of Tipping (control, pre-blooming and one month after berries setting) and foliar spraying of three concentration of Ethephon (0, 500 and 1000 ppm), on chemical characteristics of grape cv. Kamali, 8 years old. The results indicated that soil application of organic manure at 8 kg.vine^-1, tipping second date and spraying 1000 ppm Ethephon significantly increased Total Soluble Solid (TSS), total sugar and juice percentage and anthocyanin content as compared to control treatment. Whereas the same traits lead to decrease total acidity percentage significantly. The interaction of 8 kg.vine^-1+ tipping second date, 8 kg.vine^-1 + 1000ppm Ethephon, tipping second date + 1000 ppm Ethephon and the interaction of 8 kg.vine^-1+ tipping second date +1000 ppm Ethephon appeared to be the most effected on the chemical quality of grape.