Neuroprotective Strategies in the Perioperative Period: A Systematic Review

Surgery and anesthetics may cause brain damage, and the resulting neurological defect can impair the patient's cognitive function. This disorder is one of the most common complications after surgery and causes disorders in several cognitive areas of the patient. The mechanism of this disorder is not fully understood, but neuronal inflammation is one of the main causes of this disorder. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate neuroprotective drug strategies for the treatment or prevention of surgical disorders associated with anesthesia. We searched the keywords "neuroprotective", "neuroprotection", "postoperative" and "perioperative" in the databases of the web of science, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar with a 5-year time limit. At first, 492 articles were obtained, and finally, after a detailed survey based on exclusion and inclusion criteria, 31 studies were selected to extract data. Findings from studies show that medication and treatment strategies used in a group of mice and rats under surgery with treatment can improve Neuronal inflammation and brain damage compared to mice and rats with surgery only and reduce the side effects of surgery and anesthetics.