Title of article
Digital image watermarking based on angle quantization in discrete contourlet transform
Author/Authors
najih, abdulmawla university putra malaysia (upm) - faculty of engineering - department of computer communication systems engineering, Malaysia , al-haddad, s.a.r. university putra malaysia (upm) - faculty of engineering - department of computer communication systems engineering, Malaysia , ramli, abd rahman university putra malaysia (upm) - faculty of engineering - department of computer communication systems engineering, Malaysia , hashim, s.j. university putra malaysia (upm) - faculty of engineering - department of computer communication systems engineering, Malaysia , nematollahi, mohammad ali university putra malaysia (upm) - faculty of engineering - department of computer communication systems engineering, Malaysia
From page
288
To page
294
Abstract
A robust and transparent watermarking scheme based on contourlet transform and quantization index modulation is proposed in this paper. In proposal algorithm, after taking contourlet, the coefficients are divided into three quadrants by using the symmetric property of the contourlet coefficients, then the angle coefficients are modulated for each of three points. The experimental results revealed that if the information of the image is utilized to determine the watermark and by using quantization index modulation properties, a higher robustness and more effective imperceptibility in proposed algorithm are achieved.
Keywords
Contourlet transform , Digital watermarking , Lagrange method , Quantization index modulation
Journal title
Journal Of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences
Journal title
Journal Of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences
Record number
2713755
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