MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN MALES: A MULTICENTRE STUDY

Background: Glomerulopathies present in a variety of clinical signs and symptoms. This study was designed to determine the histological pattern of glomerulopathy in male patient presenting with proteinuria, haematuria and deranged renal functions. Materials and Methods: A total of 111 consecutive male patients of nephritic and nephrotic syndrome (both children and adults) were included in the study. After clinical evaluation, baseline investigations and taking into consideration the inclusion criteria of male gender only these cases were selected for this particular study. They were taken from Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Children Hospital, Services, Fatima Memorial and Jinnah Hospitals Lahore. Results: Among the selected renal biopsies, 111 (100%) were males. The minimum age at biopsy was 02 years and maximum was 73 years. Among the 111 patients microscopical haematuria was present in 51 (45.9%) and macroscopical haematuria in 19 (17.1%) patients. Duration for haematuria was 01 – 24 months. Proteinuria was present in 107 patients, among them 45 (40.5%) had 2 g / day while 62 (55.9%) had 2 g / day. Duration for proteinuria was 1 – 24 months. Diabetes mellitus and documented in 15 (13.51%) patients. Out of 111 patients 48 (43.2%) had hypertension. Predominant histomorphological patterns were mesangial proliferative nephritis (focal mesangial proliferative nephritis 14 (12.6%) and diffuse mesangial proliferative nephritis 13 (11.7%), End Stage renal disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, minimal change disease followed by amyloidosis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, membranous glomerulopathy, chronic transplant rejection, diabetic nephropathy and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis found on renal biopsy. Conclusion: In adult population mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis is the leading histopathological entity in our set up followed by end stage renal disease. In children mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis is the most commonly encountered glomerulopathy followed by minimal change disease and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Renal biopsy helps the nephrologists to find out the original histopathology for accurate diagnosis leading to enhanced management plan.